"China bearing manufacturing industry production and sales demand forecast and transformation and upgrading analysis report" data show that 2009-2013 China bearing manufacturing industry industrial output value showed an increase year by year. In 2013, the industry achieved a total industrial output value of 249.363 billion yuan, an increase of 12.92%.

The analysis of the data in the past five years found that the sales revenue of China's bearing manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2013 also showed an increasing trend year by year. In 2013, the sales revenue reached 249.012 billion yuan, an increase of 11.80%.

The rapid development of China's bearing industry, bearing varieties from less to more, product quality and technical level from low to high, industry scale from small to large, has formed a basic complete product categories, production layout is more reasonable professional production system. But why do I say that our country can only rely on imports? Look below

One: origin of bearing development

The early form of linear motion bearing is to place a row of wooden poles under a row of skid plates. Modern linear motion bearings use the same working principle, but sometimes use a ball instead of a roller. The simplest type of rotating bearing is the bushing bearing, which is just a bushing sandwiched between the wheel and the axle. This design was subsequently replaced by rolling bearings, which replaced the original bushing with a number of cylindrical rollers, each of which acted like a separate wheel.

From heavy duty wheel shafts and machine spindles to precision watch parts, many occasions need rotary bearings, the simplest rotary bearings are bushing bearings. This design was subsequently replaced by rolling bearings, which replaced the original bushing with many cylindrical rollers. The first rolling bearings put into use were invented by watchmaker John Harrison in 1760 for the production of H3 timepieces.

The first patent for a bearing ball trench was granted by Philip Vaughan in 1794. In 1883, Friedrich Fischer proposed the idea of using a suitable production machine to grind steel balls of the same size and with accurate roundness, laying the foundation of the bearing industry. O. Reynolds of the United Kingdom made a mathematical analysis of Thor's discovery and derived the Reynolds equation, which has since laid the foundation of the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication.

According to the contact form of relative motion bearings are divided into: ball bearings, needle roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, plain bearings, flexible bearings, air bearings, magnetic bearings, jewel bearings and oil bearing.

Two: the world's largest bearing production and sales base.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics data, in 2011, China's bearing manufacturing industry scale (annual sales revenue of more than 20 million yuan) a total of 1,416 enterprises, the annual industrial output value of 193.211 billion yuan, an increase of 27.59%; The sales revenue was 191.097 billion yuan, up 30.30% year-on-year; The total profit was 12.523 billion yuan, an increase of 26.54% over the previous year. It is expected that by 2015, China's bearing production is expected to exceed 28 billion sets, the main business income is expected to reach 210 billion yuan, becoming the world's largest bearing production and sales base.

Although the bearing structure is simple, many small workshops can be made, but the bearing has a high technical content, and can even be used as an important standard to measure a country's scientific and technological and industrial strength. Today's world science and technology industrial powers without exception are bearing R & D and manufacturing powers.

More than 70% of the world bearing market share is occupied by ten multinational bearing group companies, of which the United States accounts for 23%, the European Union accounts for 21%, and Japan accounts for 19%. The world bearing market is basically dominated by five major companies such as NSK in Japan, SKF in Sweden, FAG in Germany, and several companies such as Timken in the United States.

At the same time, the high-end market of the world bearing industry is monopolized by the above enterprises, while the low-end market is mainly concentrated in China. And China's 10 largest bearing enterprises such as tile shaft, sales accounted for only 24.7% of the whole industry, the top 30 production concentration is only 37.4%.

The development of domestic bearing manufacturing process and process equipment technology is slow, the CNC rate of machining is low, the automation level of grinding processing is low, and there are only more than 200 automatic production lines in the country. Advanced heat treatment processes and equipment that are crucial to bearing life and reliability, such as controlled atmosphere protection heating, double refinement, bainite quenching, etc., have low coverage, and many technical problems have failed to achieve breakthroughs.

The research and development of new types of bearing steel, the improvement of steel quality, the research and development of lubrication, cooling, cleaning and abrasives and other related technologies can not adapt to the requirements of the level and quality of bearing products. The life of domestic bearings is generally 3 to 5 times the calculated life, and the reliability is about 96%. This is not too big a problem for ordinary sports machinery. However, it is difficult to accept in the high-end field, so domestic aviation bearings, high-speed rail bearings, robot bearings, etc., are basically imported bearings.

Three: Is the bearing difficult to make?

At present, China's bearing industry is mainly facing three prominent problems: low production concentration, low research and development and innovation capacity, and low level of manufacturing technology.

First, the industry production concentration is low. In the world's bearing sales of about 30 billion US dollars, the world's eight largest multinational companies accounted for 75% to 80%. Two major companies in Germany account for 90% of the national total, five in Japan account for 90% of the national total, and one in the United States accounts for 56% of the national total. And China's 10 largest bearing enterprises such as tile shaft, sales accounted for only 24.7% of the whole industry, the top 30 production concentration is only 37.4%.

Second, the capacity for R&D and innovation is low. Industry-wide basic theoretical research is weak, participation in the formulation of international standards is weak, less original technology, less patented products.

At present, our design and manufacturing technology is basically imitation, and the product development capacity is low, which is reflected in: although the matching rate of the domestic host reaches 80%, the supporting and maintenance bearings of the important hosts such as high-speed railway buses, middle and high-end cars, computers, air conditioners, and high-level rolling mills basically rely on imports.

Bearings exist in almost every corner of our lives, from the shared bicycles everywhere to the civil aircraft passing overhead, from the nuclear submarine to the space station watching the sky, the refrigerator, the washing machine, the computer cooling fan, the range hood, the vibration motor in the mobile phone... Bearings are everywhere.

China's bearing industry, like many industrial sectors, has huge production capacity and medium technical level, a few core areas have broken through the Western blockade, and a large number of high-end products still have to rely on imports.

China is able to manufacture many high-end bearings for use in extremely extreme conditions. For example, the 99A tank seat ring is a large rolling friction bearing, which not only allows the ten-ton turret to operate freely, but also withstands the terrible recoil of the 125mm smoothbore gun. The 155mm self-propelled gun has more recoil, and its turret rims are equally powerful. Such bearings, most countries can not even touch the side.

Delicate machinery requires a different concept of bearing. For example, the solar panel on the satellite needs to adjust its Angle relative to the sun at any time to get the right lighting conditions. But satellites don't have a chance to send someone to lubricate the bearings. So, using what is called a solid lubricant bearing, try to spray a very thin substance of molybdenum disulfide into the bearing, and let it work well for several years in the distant cold of space. This bearing, too, few countries can touch.

Domestic production of military bearings

In order for such bearings to work properly, it is necessary for a country's industrial system to be able to smelt suitable materials, to be able to refine suitable lubricants and other lubricants, but also to have appropriate mechanical analysis and processing capabilities, but also to persevere in testing and accumulation.

Four: China is an unquestionable "super bearing power"

China is an unquestionable super bearing power. As early as 2014, China's bearing production has reached 19.6 billion sets, ranking third in the world. We make one-fifth of the world's bearings to support fidget spinners, stress-relieving toys. The smallest bearing diameter produced in China is 0.6 mm, the largest diameter is 11 meters, and it is everywhere.

Can't such a China be called a bearing power?

Our bearings, like other mechanical products, have a considerable gap with Western developed countries in terms of cutting-edge products, reliability, life, etc. In terms of high-speed bearings, the axle box used in the EMU produced by the domestic Oems comes from Europe and Japan, and the vacuum degassed bearing steel produced by China itself has a certain gap with foreign high-quality vacuum degassed steel, regardless of quality stability or fatigue life.

Five: Where do high-end bearings come from, we are making force

Where high-end bearings come from, this is not a problem for "foreign" countries. The powerful United States, the Marine Corps will also introduce combat rifles from Germany, the Army will also introduce pistols from Switzerland, and anti-ship missiles from Norway. Germany, with its artisan spirit, also buys various chips from the United States. In the Western world, division of labor and cooperation between countries is quite normal. Every developed country has some excellent companies, each with a "unique" to sit on the throne of invisible champions. It's rare for someone to break the game and take someone else's job.

The government has not paid attention to the localization of high-end bearings, the national Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as early as 2011, in the "mechanical basic parts basic manufacturing process and basic materials industry" 12th Five-Year "development plan, the bearing is listed as" mechanical basic parts, basic manufacturing process and basic materials "first, the plan defines: "Mechanical base parts are the non-detachable units that make up the machine, including bearings, gears, hydraulic parts, hydraulic components, pneumatic components, seals, chains and sprockets, transmission connections, fasteners, springs, powder metallurgy parts, molds, etc."

Large construction machinery bearings, high speed and long life textile equipment bearings, ultra-precision medical equipment spindle bearings.

Six: How to pack

Bearing packaging is divided into inner packaging and outer packaging

After the bearing is manufactured and inspected, it is cleaned and anti-rust treatment, and then put into the inner package to achieve waterproof, moisture-proof, dustproof, anti-impact, maintain the quality and accuracy of the bearing and facilitate the use and sales.

Bearing inner packaging is divided into three categories according to the rust prevention period:

① Short anti-rust period packaging: anti-rust period of 3 to 6 months, suitable for mass delivery to the same subscriber, put into use in a short period of time bearings. By mutual agreement, in order to facilitate the use of the principle of simple packaging.

② General rust-proof period packaging: rust-proof period of one year, suitable for general purpose bearings.

③ Long anti-rust period packaging: anti-rust period of two years, suitable for special and precision bearings.

Bearing inner packing materials include polyethylene plastic tube (box), kraft paper, plain and corrugated polyethylene composite paper, paper box, polyethylene or polyethylene plastic film, nylon fastening belt or plastic fastening belt, waterproof high-strength plastic belt, hemp bag, etc. The above materials must ensure that the corrosion resistance test of the materials is qualified.